2026-02-15
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Haiti's gang crisis escalated dramatically after the 2021 assassination of President Moise as state
authority collapsed in Port-au-Prince. The Viv Ansanm coalition formed in 2024 to coordinate gang
operations across the capital, achieving unprecedented territorial control. International security
responses have evolved from the Kenya-led MSS authorized in October 2023 to the Chapter
VII-mandated GSF authorized in September 2025, but deployment has lagged behind deteriorating
security conditions.