2026-02-23
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
The Artibonite Department, particularly the Liancourt-Saint-Marc axis, has been under sustained
armed group pressure since 2023, with the Labanye-affiliated structure and its successors
controlling key commercial chokepoints. Previous PNH reinforcements in the department have
produced temporary operational improvements followed by armed group adaptation. MSS
Kenya-led mission elements have conducted joint operations in the department with mixed results.